Tuesday, December 31, 2019
The World Of The Holocaust - 1191 Words
Albert Einstein once said: ââ¬Å"This world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, because of the people who don t do anything about it.â⬠This means that all people are responsible for what happens in this world on some level. Events such as the Holocaust occurred because many remained silent. Many lives were lost during the Holocaust during the intense years of 1933-1945. The Holocaust took place in Germany, the home of the Nazi regime. The Naziââ¬â¢s were led by Adolf Hitler, the appointed Chancellor. His overall goal while in power was ââ¬Å"The Final Solution.â⬠Making this time a shameful and depressing part of the worldââ¬â¢s history. As described throughout the book Night by Elie Wiesel, in the beginning, human rights were violated and taken away by the Nuremberg Laws. This led to the ââ¬Å"undesirablesâ⬠being stripped of their identity with the help of concentration camps, resulting in major physical changes. The Nuremberg Laws were the first big step in starting the Holocaust. These laws could have been stopped before so many innocent citizens were killed and broken hearted. The first law stated: ââ¬Å"Marriage between Jews and subjects of the state of German or related blood was forbidden. Marriage nevertheless concluded are invalid, even if concluded abroad to circumvent this law.â⬠Families were tore apart and prevented couples from starting their new lives together. Already the Jews were feeling less than everyone else around them. These laws didn t justShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Holocaust1457 Words à |à 6 Pagesway. They show what youââ¬â¢ve been through and how strong you are for coming out of itâ⬠-Demi Lovato. On September 1st, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland which caused the start of World War II, and the official establishment of the Third Reich. The Third Reich was the Nazi German Empire that had hoped to achieve a total Aryan race and world domination. Many ethnic groups fell short to Nazi beliefs and were oppressed and destroyed. In order to establish ultimate Aryan perfection, Hitler needed to get rid ofRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust910 Words à |à 4 Pagesknowing it origin. Genocide is a word that was created after the Holocaust by the United Nations. The creation of this word was intended to define the act of extermination of a country, ethnic, or religious group. It is a shame the creation of this word had to come into the world. In this paper I will address the many different for that genocide takes in today society. To begin with, I would like to talk a about the holocaust. The holocaust was a planned extermination of Jewish people in Germany. ThisRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1151 Words à |à 5 Pagesexamples of this is the genocide know as the Holocaust. All over the world religions usually teach that all of civilization is equal and that we should all be cordial with each other, but monstrosities like Adolf Hitler broke those sacred laws. The Holocaust was a time period where a set of people were persecuted. While they were being persecuted World War Two was used as a smokescreen to conceal the horrors of the Holocaust. What lead to the Holocaust was Nazi ideology. Nazi ideology lead to theRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust934 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Holocaust was the systematic, organized, frighten, vicious event that sponsored by Nazi Party throughout the Europe continent that approximately took away six million Jewsââ¬â¢ life with assisted from Nazi Germany and its collaborat ors, the event also caused different extent of casualties to contemporary third party countries in the Europe simultaneously. The official beginning date of event started from January 1933 when Adolf Hitler first came to power in Germany with Nazi as his backup to openlyRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1151 Words à |à 5 Pagesexamples of this is the genocide know as the Holocaust. All over the world religions usually teach that all of civilization is equal and that we should all be cordial with each other, but monstrosities like Adolf Hitler broke those sacred laws. The Holocaust was a time period where a set of people were persecuted. While they were being persecuted World War Two was used as a smokescreen to conceal the horrors of the Holocaust. What lead to the Holocaust was Nazi ideology. Nazi ideology lead to theRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust885 Words à |à 4 Pagestraumatic period, Holocaust-was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler s Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The Holocaust was the systematic annihilation of six million Jews during the Nazi genocide - in 1933 nine million Jews lived in the 21 countries of Europe that would be occupied by Nazi Germany during World War 2. By 1945 two out of every three European Jews had been killed. But today I will talk about the United Statesââ¬â¢ Response to the Holocaust. There two main historiansRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust853 Words à |à 4 PagesOne common assumption that people make about the Holocaust is that the atrocity was an event unique to world history. It is not often taught in United States history classes that there were events previous to World War II that set precedence that allowed the Holocaust to occur under Nazi Germany rule. Generally, history classes do not explore colonialism outside of the United States, so it is no surprise that very few people are aware of German colonialism in Africa, let alone how Germanyââ¬â¢s actionsRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1020 Words à |à 5 PagesIt was a time in world History when the world was at war. It was the between the super powers, which was known as the Allies and the Axis alliances. The major countries that played a key part in the war was United States, United kingdom, Japan and Germany. Many lives were loss on both fronts during this conflict. It also launch us into a New age of technology war ware, Which is known as the Nuclear Age. When the first atomic bomb was dropped on two major cities in Japan, it changed the hole out comeRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1449 Words à |à 6 Pagesdescribe the Holocaust. The Holocaust affected the lives of millions because of the hate inside of the Naziââ¬â¢s. Why would the Naziââ¬â¢s do this? This is a question almost nobody can answer. What we do know are the effects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psycholog ical difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelingsRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1022 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Holocaust It was a time in world History when the world was at war. It was the between the super powers, which was known as the Allies and the Axis alliances. The major countries that played a key part in the war was United States, United kingdom, Japan and Germany. Many lives were loss on both fronts during this conflict. It also launch us into a New age of technology war ware, Which is known as the Nuclear Age. When the first atomic bomb was dropped on two major cities in Japan, it changed
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Mother Tongue and Language Use in Family and Society Essay
Mother Tongue and Language Use in Family and Society ââ¬Å"Mother Tongueâ⬠, by Amy Tan and ââ¬Å"Language Use in Family and Societyâ⬠, by Lee Thomas and Linh Cao, are two examples of how language is important in communication, even if the members of the family may be speaking a language other than English. Language is important to these two authors and it is what brings each family member closer to another, however, they approach the language differently. For Tan and her mother, language is very special. It is what brings them closer and is something that is unique for the both of them. Thomas and Cao also believe language has power to strengthen relations, but for Caoââ¬â¢s family, language is keeping them apart and not as close asâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Tan is saying any form of English, can be spoken as long as the other person can relate to it. On the other hand, Lee Thomas and Linh Cao feel that ââ¬Å"Families can be separated by language use and by changes in cultural perspectivesâ⬠(Thomas and Cao, 61). Caos family comes from four different language backgrounds (Hainese, Mandarin, Vietnamese, and English), and it is very difficult for family members to communicate with each other, especially when the Caosââ¬â¢ brother and sisters have to speak to their parents and grandparents because both of them have very little knowledge of the English language. Therefore, in order to communicate with one another they tried combining words from the four types of language they have, hoping this could be a way for them to have a conversation. However, eventually this just made the conversation even more difficult because there would be a lot of words being said the wrong way. Therefore their communication was just not working out and it made it hard for the family members to get close to one another. Tan and Thomas/Cao essays are an example of how language plays a major role in communicating with their family members. It can either be a way of becoming closer or departing from your loved ones. For Tan, she is well educated in the English language and at the same time she can still speak and relate to her motherââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"broken languageâ⬠. For example, when theyShow MoreRelated Native issues Essay1150 Words à |à 5 Pages A reason to learn and preserve the language that is used in your community is to keep a culture alive, be unqiue and different from other cultures. Have a language to speak and some way of communicating back and forth with other people. The elders of our communities have used our language throughout their lives, they were forced to learn the English language, and now we should be forced to learn our native language. With no if andââ¬â¢s or buts about it. During the past 100 years or more, some 10Read MoreHow Language Is The Defining Aspect Of Person s Culture And Identity1122 Words à |à 5 PagesLanguage is the defining aspect of personââ¬â¢s culture and identity. In the essay, ââ¬Å"How to tame a wild tongueâ⬠by Gloria Anzaldua and from the ââ¬Å"Mother Tongueâ⬠by Amy tan, both reading conveys the importance of culture in society and it is possible to suffer If we canââ¬â¢t use it properly, however anzaldua was far more confidence about her language but Amy tan was depressed about her language impacted on her life experiences. At my home I speak Urdu with my family but in school I speak English. This situationRead MoreMother Tongue Essay795 Words à |à 4 Pagesmany bilingual and multicultural people in the world today. For many, the choices of which language they use, and how they use it, correspond to what social or cultural community they belong to. Amy Tan, a Chinese American novelist, portrays this well in her short essay Mother Tongue. Tan grew up in two vastly different worlds, using different Englishes. The first world, which consists of her close family, she speaks what we may call broken or limited English. The second world, which is herRead MoreA Comparison of Two Poems Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi and Search for my Tongue by Sujata Bhatt734 Words à |à 3 PagesA Comparison of Two Poems Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi and Search for my Tongue by Sujata Bhatt In this essay, I will be showing you how the writers use their own poetic devices within their work to their advantage and how the poets have used different themes to overcome in their own poems. To begin this essay, I will be presenting to you how Alvi and Bhatt have used different viewpoints within their poems to put across their message to the readerRead More Thai Language and Society Essay1545 Words à |à 7 PagesThai Language and Society To understand Thai culture, belief and value, it is important to understand the language use in Thai society. According to sociolinguistic point of view, Thailand is considered the ââ¬Å"Diglossia Societyâ⬠, where there are variety of languages use to serve a specialized function and are used for particular purpose. The purpose of the different language is to serve the different types of people. The standard Thai language is used with normal domain or normal people. AnotherRead MoreThai Language and Society1616 Words à |à 7 Pagesbelief and value, it is important to understand the language use in Thai society. According to sociolinguistic point of view, Thailand is considered the Diglossia Society, where there are variety of languages use to serve a specialized function and are used for particular purpose. The purpose of the different language is to serve the different types of people. The standard Thai language is used with normal domain or normal people. Another langua ge is used for High Function or with the higherRead MoreA Bilingual Journey From Two Different Cultures988 Words à |à 4 Pageswhile Rodriguez hails from a spanish American-Mexican background, and just like Tan, was also born and raised in the United States. Although both writers grew up in native speaking homes, each varied in terms of parental influence on their second language. On similarities, not only are both writers English majors, they are also considered to be successful in their respective writing careers. Tan is an English major graduate with a masters in Linguistics. Along with the rest of Tanââ¬â¢s bestsellingRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast952 Words à |à 4 Pagestold hers in Mother Tongue. In spite of the fact that they both wrote about their experiences of being bilingual, they told their stories were for very different reasons. Rodriguez argues in his essay, whether bilingual education is appropriate for school. Rodriguez states that ââ¬Å"It is not possible for a child, any child, ever to use his familyââ¬â¢s language in schoolâ⬠(Rodriguez 60). I would think that the author would enjoy going to school speaking his primary language, or family language while beingRead MoreMother Tongue1199 Words à |à 5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of ââ¬Å"Mother Tongueâ⬠written by Amy Tan ââ¬Å"So easy to readâ⬠(p.4). Amy Tan ends her essay, ââ¬Å"Mother Tongueâ⬠with this short and even grammatically wrong sentence. She tells us this motherââ¬â¢s brief review is a proof of success of her writing. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? She suggests answers to this question by her essay. In her essay, Amy Tan effectively convinces her readers that ââ¬Å"broken Englishâ⬠is not an inferior language, but just a differentRead More Comparing poems from different cultures. Essay877 Words à |à 4 Pagestheme of cultural identity. I have chosen three to compare, they are: Search For My Tongue, by Sujata Bhatt Half-Caste, by John Agard and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, by Moniza Alvi. I chose these three poems because I feel that they all deal with different aspects of cultural identity. For example Search for my tongue covers the aspect of losing your native tongue and using a ââ¬Ëforeignââ¬â¢ language, Half-Caste addresses the point of racism and stereotyping, whilst Presents from my
Saturday, December 14, 2019
For My Health Care Interview Paper Free Essays
She works with me at Trihedral in Cincinnati, OH, as an Insurance Coordinator. Also, she is a University of Phoenix graduate class of 2012. I work very close with Tomcat Goodwin in the Insurance Verification department, as an Outpatient Surgery Financial Counselor Rep II. We will write a custom essay sample on For My Health Care Interview Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my paper will discuss my interview I had with her. During the interview, she described her primary responsibility, her career path and did her college education prepare for her current job. She will discuss her length of employment at Trihedral , and identify the customer she assist. She gave me information for education requirements to become an Insurance Coordinator, and grow in the health care field. Lastly, she explained how she interacts with others in their environment. To become a Health care Insurance Coordinator formal education along with well versed knowledge on various health insurance policies. Tomcat G (2014) suggests that an individual needs to be current on different health care policy, so they can coordinate the patientââ¬â¢s benefits. The Insurance Coordinator has several responsibilities for assisting patients, health insurance companies, and various departments within the company. Tomcat G. (2014) says, ââ¬Å"As an Insurance Coordinator you will be responsible for assisting patients in dealing with the health insurance claims. Itââ¬â¢s your job to contact insurance companies and patients regarding outstanding balances. The person must be initiative to resolve and research billing issues. â⬠Tomcat daily routine consists of preparing administrative and functional reports for our manager. She prepares invoices on behalf of the department manager. Finally, job duties include receiving incoming calls, and making outbound calls to other divisions. She has to have good communication skills. Growing up Tomcat always had a passion of helping others. As a little girl she planned to be a fire fighter, but she got older she found a passion for the healthcare field. When her grandmother become ill and she discovered the lack of health care coverage her grandmother had. During her grandmother illness, Tomcat came across a few people and seeing the passion they had in their eyes to help others. Tomcat wanted that same feeling, while working with the community. After her grandmother passed away, she decided to go o school and study healthcare. Tomcat wasnââ¬â¢t interested in being a physicians or nurse; she wanted a road less traveled. She knew she wanted to do something in healthcare, but what she didnââ¬â¢t know. After, several conversations with her Academic advisor, Tomcat knew she was making the best decision of life. Tomcat gradated from the University Of Phoenix 2012, with BBS in Healthcare Admit Management. She is currently working on her MBA at the University of Phoenix. Her long term goal is to be the director of Oral Surgery. Tomcat G feels that University of Phoenix prepared for the lath care industry. Her education prepared different promotions at Trihedral. Tomcat encouraged me to return back to school, and complete my degree. Tomcat has worked at Trihedral for 8 years and within these years she has been promoted 4 times to higher levels in the company. The department she works in goes beyond the job requirement. We help family members manage emotional and financial challenges of caring for their family members or loved ones. To be in this department the employee must have sympathy and compassion towards the customer. The employee customer will change day o day based on the employee is working. At times my customer may be the health insurance company; am calling them to verify coverage and co payments for the patient. A few calls later my customer maybe the claims department, and other various departments. Tomcat feels that working in health care you were different hats to get the job done correctly. Tomcat thrives on being a leader in patient satisfaction through excellence and quality care to any customer. Trihedral is physicians, hospitals, and communities working together to help people live better. Trihedral is located in Cincinnati, OH. How to cite For My Health Care Interview Paper, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Child Labor free essay sample
Child labor is an upsetting experience for anyone involved in it, we must make a move so that this child labor will not continue; the world must bond as one to create coalitions and companies that support child laborers, and as we can see the children work to earn money and sometimes none, and as we can see sometimes the children are treated like a slave for an age of 3 and up. Children all over the world are suffering from physical, emotional, and sexual abuse that transpires from child labor. Child labor may be harm to the child health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development, it is not only harmful to the health of children, but it takes away their chances for an education, simply takes away from childhood. Child labor is really a social problem in our society there are many reasons to why it was considered suchà first is it an illegal, our Constitution deeply prohibits this act that it only mandates children to receive proper education and the right to live as children. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Labor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lawfully speaking, it is a social problem because our society rejects child labor yet its condition persists. Iââ¬â¢ve learned a lot to what we had watched because every people and children deserves happiness but in their case I cant see any laughter or smile in their faces when they work, sometimes I donââ¬â¢t eat my whole food but only just a half of it thatââ¬â¢s why I also learned that the children are working just to have food not money but they work hard for it. Belena, labeled asà ââ¬Å"batang hornalâ⬠à was interviewed and she honestly said that she wanted to go to school but she could not because her family had too many debts to fund for her education although she would be enrolled and promised hat she would continue schooling, she would later be asked not to go to school so that she could work and earn money. But the some of the children out there that is n the school is always not present. I can see we should strive hard because we are so thankful to be in school because some parent canââ¬â¢t afford to enroll their children to school. We all know that abortion is not legal but in the movie in the early days when technology is not already invented there is this doctor who is pro to this abortion but in my opinion he shouldnââ¬â¢t do this thing because this is a big sin to God because all of us deserves to live n this world and enjoy life but what had the mother did when they got pregnant and they will abort it. The baby in her womb donââ¬â¢t have the fault of why he or she created it is the parent has the fault because in what they have done, why is it that the baby is the one who is going to sacrifice to what his/her parents done wrong. This issue is very depressing Iââ¬â¢ve learned a lot in this documentation the first is not to become curious to all things because curiosity kills. Rejecting a baby means rejecting love from God and also means rejecting your very own fortune. Abortion is one of the greatest sin that every women in this world had done. People who had done this thing they donââ¬â¢t have fear to God, every baby inside the womb of their mother has no fault but yet they are the one who is suffering if their mother decided to abort them. The one who is doing this nowadays is the teenagers because they arenââ¬â¢t ready to become a parent. Abortion kills an unborn child. If you are pregnant and do not want the child, please give it up for adoption. There are many wonderful families looking to adopt, donââ¬â¢t abort them. As what we had seen in the movie the children who had been aborted was so poor they donââ¬â¢t have skills in protecting their selves, every baby deserves a chance to live in this world but their motherââ¬â¢s are being selfish of having it. Child Labor free essay sample A discussion of the history of child labor and how this phenomenon still exists today. (more)
Friday, November 29, 2019
Theoretical Basis for International Trade and Investment free essay sample
Compare and contrast the major trade theories. â⬠¢ Describe the product life cycle in the context of globalization. â⬠¢ Assess the implications of foreign direct investment (FDI). â⬠¢ Assess the overall impact on a country of shifting from a limited trade position to a global trading position using trade theories. This Course in Context Today, we find ourselves in a marketplace that is increasingly integrated, interdependent, borderless, and globalized. Companies, both large and small, from developed and developing countries, are crisscrossing the globe in search of trade and investment havens in the context of globalization. A major driver of globalization is competition. Left unchallenged, companies (Nike Coca-cola) that already compete in the global arena may gain so much market share and become so entrenched that it may be difficult, if not impossible, for other companies to enter such markets in the future and gain advantage, such as access to raw materials, lower production costs, cheap labor, increased revenues, and profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Basis for International Trade and Investment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With this weekââ¬â¢s discussion on the theoretical underpinnings of globalization, the following weeks will focus on additional aspects of international trade and investment. Specifically, we will focus on the Global Monetary System, and its crucial role in promoting global trade flows; we will analyze the effects of the balance of payments on global trade; we will look at relevance of regional integration on trade; we will analyze the role of global, international, and regional organizations in facilitating trade; and finally, we will evaluate how all of these activities converge to either promote or inhibit international economic development. What You Already Know Students will start this course with a detailed knowledge of global business as learned in GBM/380. Students should have a global mindset and a broader awareness of the intricacies of the global business environment. In addition, students should know the major forces in the global environment and their impact upon business strategies, operations, and decision making. This Week in Context The theoretical basis, or foundations, for globalization are found in the theories of Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage, Hecksher-Ohlin Theory of Factor Endowment, Market Imperfect Theory, and the International Product Life Cycle Theory. In the same vein, several contemporary theories have emerged to explain the trends, scope, and magnitudes of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). They include Monopolistic Advantage Theory (MAT), Product and Factor Market Imperfection Theory, Cross Investment Theory, Internationalization Theory, and Dunningââ¬â¢s Eclectic Theory of International Production. During this week, we will focus on the relevance of these theories to global business operations. Specifically, we will discuss how these theories explain, or have contributed to, the unprecedented flows of trade and investment activities between nations over the last quarter of a century, and how they might explain these activities in the future. This weekââ¬â¢s assigned readings and activities focus on the theoretical basis for international trade and investment. As you complete these activities, you will fully understand why Hawaii engages in tourism, and a country like Nigeria, in crude oil exploration and production. You will also comprehend why Argentina produces beef, Canada produces lumber, Egypt produces cotton, South Africa produces wine, Japan produces automobiles, and the United States produces computers. With this knowledge and a better understanding of international trade, you and/or your company will be able to effectively participate in the global marketplace whether you are exporting or importing. Assignment Overview The Individual assignment due in Week One gives you an opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the major trade theories. The assignment also asks you to look at any impediments such as political, financial, cultural, and economical that might prevent the successful application of your selected trade theory.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Free Essays on Global Marketing
Firms are taking a global perspective today to a much greater degree than in the past. Global marketing is a particular way of looking at the markets of the world and a particular way of responding to international pressures. Companies today are arranging their entire business structure to respond to global demands. Manufacturing is done at different points around the world; distribution is shaped to different requirements; products are repackaged and even reformulated for different world regions; and marketing is shaped to appeal to people in different parts of the world. There are four types of marketing mindset that can be brought to bear on a marketing problem. The global perspective takes a different view of opportunities and facts about the world market than the domestic, international, or multinational perspectives would do. The global perspective in fact encompasses all cultures or nationalities. International and multinational perspectives depend on experience gained from direct contact with one or several other countries and cultures. The marketing manager with a global perspective achieves that view throughout the world, even for areas where no direct prior experience exists. The marketing manager must obviously think differently about the world to use this perspective. A wide variety of types of knowledge are necessary for a global perspective, among them economic knowledge, political knowledge, cultural knowledge, historic knowledge, geographic knowledge, and an understanding of global market knowledge. Each of these types of knowledge applies to each individual country to which one may be marketing and to the international scene, involving relationship between and among countries, as part of the global marketing perspective. In part, the manager is always comparing cultures, analyzing the target culture against the one he or she knows best, their own. With the rapidly advancing tec... Free Essays on Global Marketing Free Essays on Global Marketing Firms are taking a global perspective today to a much greater degree than in the past. Global marketing is a particular way of looking at the markets of the world and a particular way of responding to international pressures. Companies today are arranging their entire business structure to respond to global demands. Manufacturing is done at different points around the world; distribution is shaped to different requirements; products are repackaged and even reformulated for different world regions; and marketing is shaped to appeal to people in different parts of the world. There are four types of marketing mindset that can be brought to bear on a marketing problem. The global perspective takes a different view of opportunities and facts about the world market than the domestic, international, or multinational perspectives would do. The global perspective in fact encompasses all cultures or nationalities. International and multinational perspectives depend on experience gained from direct contact with one or several other countries and cultures. The marketing manager with a global perspective achieves that view throughout the world, even for areas where no direct prior experience exists. The marketing manager must obviously think differently about the world to use this perspective. A wide variety of types of knowledge are necessary for a global perspective, among them economic knowledge, political knowledge, cultural knowledge, historic knowledge, geographic knowledge, and an understanding of global market knowledge. Each of these types of knowledge applies to each individual country to which one may be marketing and to the international scene, involving relationship between and among countries, as part of the global marketing perspective. In part, the manager is always comparing cultures, analyzing the target culture against the one he or she knows best, their own. With the rapidly advancing tec...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Functional Behaviour Analysis educ6162 Case Study
Functional Behaviour Analysis educ6162 - Case Study Example Self expression can also make a child behave in a certain way in order to make her independence very clear. The child can also be in need of some tangible rewards like money which makes her feel good. In order to be accepted, a child might behave in a certain way so as to impress her peers or adults. A childââ¬â¢s behavior can be in form of revenge in order to get back at others whether it was real or imagined. Finally, a child...ââ¬â¢s behavior is way of escaping from a particular activity or group (Cooper.J.T., and Heward,W 2007). Functional behavior assessment Summary Statements for each Major Trigger and/or Consequence Distant Setting Event Immediate Antecedent (Trigger) Problem Behaviour Maintaining Consequence Function 1 lonely Ignoring the child Sucking and chewing on toys Help her obtain peer attention attention 2 ignored by peers Failing to get a desired object that is visible but out of reach Pulling hair bows and clips Tell her no any time she pulls it and engage her in other activities Acceptance or affiliation 3 change of activity Interrupting the child from an event Pulling away and or dropping on the floor Leave her alone Control 4 There are a lot of people in the room Giving an event that is not preferred by child Leaving designated areas When she walks away appreciate her Escape or avoidance (Briggs, 1993) Support Planning Chart 1 Triggers Behaviours Consequences Ignoring the child Function: attention sucking and chewing toys Interacting with the child She can cause harm to herself Preventions New Skills New Responses Universal Providing her with the right materials for playing teaching her and providing a number of rules for her to follow providing her with engaging activities to avoid being lonely secondary being a role model to the child Inputting the right behaviour to the child To Challenging Behaviour if she stops, praise and if not tell her that the object can cause her harm To New Skills Teach her on how to seek attention appropri ately plan to ignore her not to ignore her when she needs attention social reinforcement teach her appropriate social skills Support Planning Chart 2 Triggers Behaviors Consequences Being ignored by her peers Function: acceptance or affiliation pulling hair bows and clips Her peers talk negatively about her Preventions New Skills New Responses Universal providing her with clear directions when she requires something help her communicate well especially that she suffers from language delay and disability secondary I being a role model to the child is important Ii doing a rehearsal with the child on what is supposed to be done To Challenging Behaviour If sashi responds by requesting the clip praise her if she
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8
American Government - Essay Example All these ads were by the candidates running for the election and all three were coming from Iowa and North Hampshire. All candidates with the exception of few are sure to win the nominations and even the elections for the next President of US. It has been unanimously agreed by the intellectuals that negative advertising may not be the good thing as it tend to pollute the environment. It is not only unfair but also creates cynicism about politics and therefore may not be the right thing for the society to experience. However, it may not be always the case; negative advertising can result into better things. Every candidate has the weaknesses and it is always expected that opposition candidates would find those weak points to attack the candidates and engage into sort of any negative campaigning against each other. One criticism of negative ads is that they can be fairy inaccurate but positive ads can be inaccurate too. An unfair ad always meets with the opposition from other candidates and in order to sustain, an inaccurate ad need to sustain the onslaught from the other members. Sometimes, public even respond negatively to the ads and those engaging into negative campaigning can end up at the receiving ends and other candidates can take advantage of the negative ad campaign. Advertising cannot always be decisive in nature and other important things also matter too in the elections. Debate is one of the things which can actually help candidates to actually prevail over each other even in the presence of negative ad campaigns. One of the criticisms by the high minded people about the negative ads is that they can actually erode the confidence of Americans in the institutions which America once held as one of its finest achievements. However, data indicates that last time Americans actually showed some sort of
Monday, November 18, 2019
English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15
English - Essay Example Thus he learns that money cannot buy happiness even if it might give all outward appearances of doing so. Having finally discovered the location of his old friends, Candide emancipates them all from their Turkish slave owners only to find that even luxurious togetherness is not sufficient to keep everyone happy. Although they have a beautiful country home, they find themselves only fighting amongst themselves and making each other very unhappy. In the end, the story indicates that despite any optimism felt by the characters, or the attainment of their hopes and dreams, happiness or contentment does not follow. Voltaireââ¬â¢s book illustrates the evils he felt were most prevalent in his society. Produced during the Enlightenment era, the novella illustrates many of the prevailing themes of the times, which often revolved around questions of human values and ââ¬Å"inherited intellectual authority.â⬠ââ¬Å"By the time the Enlightenment reached its maturity â⬠¦ there was a rough consensus among its leading thinkers in regard to certain key themes: rejection of orthodox, scriptural Christianity â⬠¦; conviction of the superiority of modern over ancient thought â⬠¦; extension of this natural-scientific model to a host of new social sciences â⬠¦; and a proto-liberal political program, aimed at protecting what were now seen as the equal natural rights of individualsâ⬠(Wright 15). While Candide presents itself as a satire against optimism, it has been argued that this satire is instead a more in-depth look at how that optimism, so often associated with the Enlightenm ent, could be realized ââ¬â by concentration on freeing oneself from an unhappy past, as the characters do when they wholeheartedly devote themselves to the cultivation of their garden rather than allowing themselves to wallow in their misery or luxury. Thus, when Candide says at the end
Saturday, November 16, 2019
The Haber process for optimum performance
The Haber process for optimum performance Research Question: What are the conditions for running the Haber process for optimum performance Abstract In this essay I will find out what are the best conditions for the production of the maximum yield in the Haber process, by running simulations of the Haber process at different conditions to determine the best conditions. From the Experiment I found that the lowest temperature possible and the highest pressure possible would provide the best conditions to operate the Haber process at for the maximum yield possible. Introduction The Haber process is an important Process used in chemical Industry to manufacture Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen that originate in the air. The reason why its very important is it turns an inert gas Nitrogen (N2) and a very volatile and reactive gas Hydrogen (H2) into ammonia which is a stable compound but reactive enough to be used in different aspects. Why was the Haber process discovered? During the First World War Britain Cut off Germany Supply route to Chiles salt peter natural deposits (Quotehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process#History) Since the Allies (Russian Empire,United Kingdom,France,Canada,Australia,Italy, theEmpire of Japan,Portugaland theUnited States) (Quotehttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090621130235AABthrs) has gained control over the natural deposits of saltpetre from natural deposits found in Chile, therefore cutting off Germanys access to materials that the needed to produce necessary items such as food, guns, bombs other war materials. Germany has to find ways to produce its own hence the Haber process which was discovered in 1909 by a German chemist named Fritz Haber to produce ammonia was set into industrial scale in 1913; the produced ammonia was later processed into a Synthetic Form of Chile saltpetre Introduction (Part 2) The Haber process is the process that uses extracted nitrogen from the atmosphere and reacts the nitrogen (N2) gas would react with 3 moles of hydrogen (H2) gas by using a medium temperature around 473K-673K (200- 400oC) High atmospheric pressures such as 250 atmospheres (25331250 Pascal) and a catalyst to create ammonia (NH3). Due to advancements made to technology we are able to do reaction at extremely high temperatures such as 2300K (2026oC) and we know that a reaction occurs faster when conducted at the highest temperature possible but the Haber processs success is not calculated on the speed of the reaction but on the yield of the ammonia that is produced during the reaction. Although increasing the temperate would surly increase the rate of reaction in a normal forward reaction the problem with using this method on the Haber process is its not a normal forward reaction type of reaction but is an equilibrium type of reaction. The Chateliers Principle states increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the left side of the reaction resulting in a lower yield of ammonia because the forward reaction is exothermic. N2(g) + 3H2(g) Very High heat, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia Reducing the temperature will cause the equilibrium system to change the point of equilibrium to minimise the effect of the change, and hence it will produce more heat due to an increase the exothermic reaction therefore causing the wanted increase in the yield of ammonia. N2(g) + 3H2(g) Low heat, High pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia However, the rate of the reaction at very lower temperatures is exceptionally slow, and so a higher temperature should be used to increase the speed of the reaction which results in a lower yield of ammonia but a temperature low enough to create more ammonia than use in the reverse reaction hence we have the final equation is an which an above normal ammonia production. N2(g) + 3H2(g) High TEmperature, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia Increasing the pressure condition of the haber chamber causes the equilibrium position to shift to the right resulting in an increased yield of ammonia because ammonia has more gas molecules (more moles) on the left hand side or the forward reaction of the equation (4 in total 3 Hydrogen and 1 Nitrogen) than there are on the right hand side or backwards reaction of the equation (2 in total 2NH3). N2 + 3H2(g) High Temperature, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen ammonia Increasing the pressure means the system will have to adjust to reduce the effect of the change, which is reducing the pressure built up by reducing the amount of moles that can be located in the equilibrium reaction. The most important use of nitrogen is in making ammonia (NH3), which is a colourless gas with a strong odour, similar to the smell of urine. The reason is because urine contains some ammonia. The production of ammonia changes the non oxidation properties of nitrogen as the Oxidation reaction. Pharmaceuticals Used in the manufacture of drugs such as sulphonamide which inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria buy the removal of replacing the aminobenzoic acid for the synthesis of folic acids and minerals as well as vitamins and thiamine. http://www.ausetute.com.au/haberpro.html Fertilizer A major use of ammonia is in making fertilizers. Ammonia can be used directly as fertilizer by adding it to irrigation water for plants that needing much nitrogen. It is also used to produce the urea (NH2CONH2), which is used as a fertilizer. Another important use of ammonia is to create nitric acid (HNO3), which is then also used to make fertilizer the Haber Process didnt lonely provide the Germans with Saltpetre but revolutionized the agriculture industry with an increased yield in crop production enabling them to continue. Cleaning Products Many people use household ammonia as a disinfectant. Nitric acid-made form ammonia-is used in explosives. Ammonia is also used in the plastic industry and as a feed supplement for livestock. The dipole moment of this compound and this is consistent with its geometry, a triangular Pyramid due to its electronic arrangement obeying the octet rule, Four pairs of electrons three bonding pairs and one lone pair repel each other giving the molecule the triangular pyramid shape of bond angles of 107 degrees is close to the tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees. The electronic arrangement of the valence electrons in nitrogen is described as sp3 hybridization of atomic orbitals. The NH3 molecules and their ability to make hyrodgen bonds explains thir polarity and high solubility of ammonia in water. A chemical reaction occurs when ammonia dissolues in water as it acts as a base acquiring a hydrogen ion from H2O to ammonium and hydroxides ions NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) The production of hydroxide ions when ammonia dissolves in water gives the solution of ammonia its alkaline characteristics (basic properties), The double arrow in the equation states that an equilibrium has been reached between the dissolved ammonia gas and ammonium ions. The ammonium ion acts as a weak acid aqueous solution because it dissociates to form Hydrogen ion and ammonia. (Shakhashiri, 2008) This is why dissolved ammonia is used in cleaning products because its able to react with both and acid stain and alkaline stain meaning its an all round cleaning products even though the acid is weak its strong enough to deal with domestic stains. Explosives Sodium Nitrate is a Chemical compound with the chemical compound of NaNo3 has been referred to as Chile saltpetre before. And is produced by a reaction of a metal and an acid to produce a salt and is highly soluble in water. (Quote) Sodium Nitrate can be used as a fertilizer and as a material from the production of explosive gunpowder. Naturally gun powder is a rapid burning compound made of Carbon (C12) potassium nitrate, KNO3 and Sulfur and is used in guns because of its capacity to burn in a rapidly producing enough pressure to propel a bullet and not explode.(Quote) Sodium nitrate has antimicrobial properties when used as a food preservative. It can be used in the production of nitric acid by combining it with sulfuric acid. It can used as a substitute oxidizer used in fireworks as a replacement for potassium nitrate commonly found in gun powder. Because sodium nitrate can be used as a Phase Change Material it may be used for heat transfer in solar power plants. Imporantance of Nitrogen. Nitrogen gas (N2) is often used as a substitution for air which is a mixture of 78% nitrogen 78%), Oxygen 20%, and 1% of other gases such as Water Vapour Argon and Carbon dioxide (0.03%). where oxidation is undesirable. One area for use is to maintain the freshness to food products by packaging them in nitrogen gas to reduce the spoilage of food due to its properties for preventing oxidization which can cause Rancid unpleasant odour or taste of decomposing oils or fats (Quote). Argon has been used as replacement for air in light bulbs to prevent the heated tungsten filament from reacting with the oxygen found in air because Argon is an inert gas but is expensive so ammonia can be reverted back to Nitrogen gas by the process gentrification to replace Argon in light bulbs and is cheaper inert material than Argon. Nitrogen is also used as a controlled storage and Transportation measure food packages due to its capabities to be used as a noble gas, to extend the sheld life of fruits and vegetables and is now used during storage to displace most of the oxygen in the containers, thereby , slowing down the repiration and deterioration of food as proven in biochemistry as in aerobic respiration 32 ATP molecules are created from one glucose molecules and 2 ATP molecules are created from one glucose molecule which is a clear sign that respiration and deterioration of food occurs at 16 times slower during anaerobic respiration which respiration without the presence of oxygen, than respiration occurring aerobically which is respiration with oxygen present. Investigation Design To do this Investigation I will be using a simulator that allow we to change the conditions of the Haber process chamber and notice the change in the yield and work out the direction that the equiliburm will take with extra options such as catalysis. Firstly I had to decide what the 2 variables I would be looking at during this investigation and decided that the dependant variable will be the yield of ammonia that I would receive from running the simulations. The Controlled variable will be the temperature and atmospheric pressure that the reaction will be taking place. Another variable that I looked at was if the reaction will be taking place in the presence of a catalyst of not. It was decide that due to the lack of acquiring two or more simulations that were able to run the haber process reaction in the presence of a catalyst The uncontrolled variable would be required in this reaction because the aim of the reaction is to achieve a dynamic equilibrium which is a reaction in which the forward reaction and backward reaction are equal in a closed environment. Meaning all variables and atoms present are controlled and accounted for. Set both simulations at the same pressure and temperature to and begin the reaction recorded both results and create a table of results and find the mean of both tables. Redo the experiment changing the controlled variables every time and recording the yield of the reaction at those conditions Create a Graph using both the mean table to display the results that where shown in the table. This Is the haber process taking place without the presence of an iron catalyst at the temperature of 300oC and 191 atmospheric pressure. Which will give me the amount of ammonia produced in grams and will be working out in percentage of the nitrogen used to allow compatibility of the 2 different simulations that one will be using. Screen Shot 2 (Screen Shot to be taken off website ) (Blocked by school.) Is the Haber process taking place without the presence of an iron catalyst at the temperature that the Chateliers Principle indicates will be the most effective in the promotion of increasing the Yield. Because this Simulation cannot give the yield of the Haber process ammonia moles or grams I have to change the data received from the first simulation into compatible data. Results Simulation 1 (Changing the Temperature but keeping the pressure and 200) Pressure 1000 800 600 400 200 Temp 150 150 150 150 150 Yeild 57% 55% 53% 48% 35% From these results obtained in the diagram above we notice an increase in yield as we increase the pressure of the reaction while keeping the temperature the same which agrees with the information placed in the beginning of the introduction which states icreasing the pressure will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the right side of the reaction resulting in an increased yield of ammonia since there are more gas molecules Simulation 2 (changing the Pressure but keeping the Temperature at 150) Pressure Yield 1000 57% 800 55% 600 53% 400 48% 200 35% From these results obtained in the diagram above we notice an increase in yield as we increase the pressure of the reaction while keeping the temperature the same which agrees with the information placed in the beginning of the introduction which states theà Chateliers Principle states increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the left side of the reaction resulting in a lower yield of ammonia because the forward reaction is exothermic. And the 0.8 ( r) shows that there is a high positive correlation between the yield amount The Curve tends to show that if the pressure was increased any more that 1000 the increment in the production of ammonia may not be justified for the amount of effort that will be put into creating a haber process camber at that atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium expression for this reaction is: Keq =[NH3]2/[N2][H2]3 Temperature (oC) Keq 25 6.4 x 102 200 4.4 x 10-1 300 4.3 x 10-3 400 1.6 x 10-4 500 1.5 x 10-5 As the temperature of increases, the equilibrium constant decreases as the yield of the ammonia decreases. http://nawabi.de/chemical/ammonia.asp The results of the Ka test agree with the graphs that simulation 1 and simulation 2 provided. As the Ka increases the PH reduces towards the more acidic range meaning the NH3 concentration increases meaning for the best yield of the Haber process, industry must obtain the highest level Ka. Conclusion. In conclusion the from the graphs and from the working out of the Keqi can state that the best conditions to process the haber process under is the lowest temperature that is usable because it increases the yield of the haber process in a linear regression which is a positive feedback increase in the yield of ammonia the optimized temperate was 200oC because it provided the highest yield. The other condition that was optimized during this experiment was pressure and after the experiment I found that the highest possible pressure is the optimum condition for this reaction to take place under. Because it gave the highest yield of ammonia compared to lower pressures which all provided lower yield. Evaluation The simulations that were used during this Essay were accurate enough to accept as possible theoretical yield but did not take into account of the possibility that some materials would be lost during the preparation for the haber process. It would have been better if I had more simulations and different type of simulations to check if the results I received from using these simulations were accurate or not and would increase the reliability of this experiment. The limitations to using this method were the some simulations couldnt operate a catalyst which limited the amount of results I was able to obtain and didnt factor in any cost effectiveness into the reaction. The haber process occurring in the presence of a catalysis does not affect the amount of NH3 that is produced by the reaction yet it only hastens the reaction by lowing the activation energy is takes for atoms to react. This would increase the rate of reaction without taking into consideration the geometric position that theses atoms need to react. A catalyst is a chemical that is used in a chemical reaction to speed up the rate of reaction with out the compound being used up in the reaction itself, meaning after the reaction the catalyst retains its structure and physical properties it had before the reaction took place. It works by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. The iron catalyst acts as a platform on which the Nitrogen and hydrogen atoms will bind on to before under going the reaction. The binding on to the catalyst is creates a transactional compound N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g) nitrogen hydrogen Fe ammonia Another Factor that I should have researched was the rate of reaction and possibly to the cost effectiveness of having a lower rate of reaction over the time effectiveness of having a high rate or reactions. Looking at the effect that the rate or reaction would have on at equilibrium And working out possible ways to reduce the forward reaction to increase the yield of ammonia by adding a rate determining step for the forward reaction to encourage the forward reaction to reaction and produce ammonia but would discourage the backward reaction from according either by adding third party molecule such Sulphuric acid to create ammonium sulphate and can easily to separated by heating to 235oC because it sublimes to create ammonia and sulphuric acid and the gases are at different weights meaning using a gases filtration method and condense then separately. (NH4)2SO4(s) NH3(g) + H2SO4(g) Another improvement would be to calculate the H of the reaction while looking at and S of the reaction to allow to choose the most accurate best conditions for the reaction and most accurate cost effective option for the reaction. Because the having a positive H means the need more energy placed in which reduces the cost effectiveness of the reaction but may increase the yield of the ammonia while the G which measure reactions ability to reaction at room temperature which would increase the rate of reaction and the low temperature would mean the equilibrium would shift and allow the ammonia to be created in much more yield making the reaction cost effective and maximum conditions for the maximum yield. By working out the S and H I could use them to work out the amount of unused heat which is lost to the surroundings during the reaction, after this work out which reaction conditions provide the less heat lost to the surrounding while still providing an acceptable amount of yield. Afte r working out the H, G and S if would help me make a more informed decision on which of the reaction conditions provided current industry yield and cost and work out which conditions provided either current industry yield at a lower cost or improved yield at a higher cost and ultimately work out which conditions produced greatest yield and at the lost possible cost. Another improved for this experiment would be increasing the range of pressure that was used during the simulations because I noticed in the graphs that increasing the pressure post 1000 would make the production of ammonia not as effective as lower pressures are.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Freedom And The Constitution :: essays research papers
The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression from government interference. Freedom of expression is made up of the explicit rights of freedom of speech, press, assembly and to petition the government for a redress of grievances, and the implied right of association and belief contained in the First Amendment. The Supreme Court interprets the extent of the protection afforded to these rights. The First Amendment has been interpreted by the Court as applying to the entire federal government although it is only expressly applicable to Congress. Furthermore, the Court has interpreted the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as protecting the rights in the First Amendment from interference by state governments. Two clauses in the First Amendment guarantee freedom of religion. The establishment clause prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion or preferring one re ligion over another. It enforces the "separation of church and state. Some governmental activity related to religion has been declared constitutional by the Supreme Court. For example, providing bus transportation for parochial school students and the enforcement of "blue laws" is not prohibited. The free exercise clause prohibits the government, in most instances, from interfering with a persons practice of their religion. The most basic component of freedom of expression is the right of freedom of speech. The right of freedom of speech allows an individual to express themselves without interference or constraint by the government. The Supreme Court requires the government to provide substantial justification for the interference with the right of free speech if it attempts to regulate the content of the speech. A less stringent test is applied for content-neutral legislation. The Supreme Court has also recognized that the government may prohibit some speech that may cause a breach of the peace or cause violence. The right of free speech includes other mediums of expression that communicates a message. Despite popular misunderstanding the right of freedom of the press guaranteed by the first amendment is not very different from the right of freedom of speech. It allows an individual to express themselves through publication and dissemination. It is part of the constitutional protection of freedom of expression. It does not afford members of the media any special rights or privileges not afforded to citizens in general. The right to assemble allows people to gather for peaceful and lawful purposes. Freedom And The Constitution :: essays research papers The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression from government interference. Freedom of expression is made up of the explicit rights of freedom of speech, press, assembly and to petition the government for a redress of grievances, and the implied right of association and belief contained in the First Amendment. The Supreme Court interprets the extent of the protection afforded to these rights. The First Amendment has been interpreted by the Court as applying to the entire federal government although it is only expressly applicable to Congress. Furthermore, the Court has interpreted the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as protecting the rights in the First Amendment from interference by state governments. Two clauses in the First Amendment guarantee freedom of religion. The establishment clause prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion or preferring one re ligion over another. It enforces the "separation of church and state. Some governmental activity related to religion has been declared constitutional by the Supreme Court. For example, providing bus transportation for parochial school students and the enforcement of "blue laws" is not prohibited. The free exercise clause prohibits the government, in most instances, from interfering with a persons practice of their religion. The most basic component of freedom of expression is the right of freedom of speech. The right of freedom of speech allows an individual to express themselves without interference or constraint by the government. The Supreme Court requires the government to provide substantial justification for the interference with the right of free speech if it attempts to regulate the content of the speech. A less stringent test is applied for content-neutral legislation. The Supreme Court has also recognized that the government may prohibit some speech that may cause a breach of the peace or cause violence. The right of free speech includes other mediums of expression that communicates a message. Despite popular misunderstanding the right of freedom of the press guaranteed by the first amendment is not very different from the right of freedom of speech. It allows an individual to express themselves through publication and dissemination. It is part of the constitutional protection of freedom of expression. It does not afford members of the media any special rights or privileges not afforded to citizens in general. The right to assemble allows people to gather for peaceful and lawful purposes.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Formation of National Bank Essay
à à à à In American history, banks are among the oldest business structure and one of the largest, oldest and important industries. The structure of the bank is in a way that is accessible to each citizen although banks and banking seems to work mysterious. The bank serves economic functions in operating a payment system although modern economy is boosted with an efficient payment system in swiping cards, atm. The establishment of the National Bank from Hamilton efforts to start fight for the needs and what would help the country to create free enterprise opportunity. The authority bill advocates the start of National Bank in American. à à à à Alexander Hamilton is the sole proprietor of national bank. Being the secretary of treasury, Hamilton has suggested benefits the country would have from the national bank comparing it with the banks of England. He wanted a national bank to be created where the federal government could achieve their appropriate goals, keeping their money and insuring their properties. He was convinced that the tenth amendment was the appropriate mean and a proper constitution in specified albeit. On the contrary, Jefferson vehemently opposed Hamilton contributions on the matters of financial policy as the tenth amendment interpretation of the on the policies (Sylla, Wright & Cowen, 2009). Jefferson argues constitutionally that the Federal government has no authority to give any bank a go forward document. Nonetheless after the world war era Washington adopted Hamilton ideas and gave the first National bank 20 years charter in 1791 (Rhoades, 2010). Alexander Hamilton organized a move ment advocating the creation of a central bank due to financial constraint after the end war. à à à à The bank plays an important part in entrepreneurship in to the republicans; bank has played a crucial part in storing money stock for the country. The bank makes legal tender by holding obligated reserves in exchange request. The National bank offers financial intermediation in investing money we deposit by lending it to business enterprises and households they want to credit. The world is becoming competitive and small businesses rise have done well. The banks today copies Hamilton evolution of National bank. Banks creates profit with the stockholders by charging debtors more for loans than they pay those who deposit the money. The entrepreneurial spirit is very stable and stronger today in academic recognition and entrepreneur and economic crisis (Ciobotaru, 2013). This creates opportunities for the Native American to feel free to get loan giving them the ability to start business for themselves. They offer loan with small interest, which they pay regularly. à à à It provides intermediate functions of the bank as it finance many generation of entrepreneurs and other business builds American economy. Moreover, the bank plays a common role in the society. It acts as the power point of all evolving enterprise in America business firms for strengthening capital regulation and official regulation agencies. In addition, private banks also serve as a monitor in provision of information with collaboration with the National bank. Conclusion à à à à In fact, Hamilton contribution to evolution of National bank has inspired many in life. He had focused in the future and saw the need of banks to provoke the spirit of entrepreneurs in young generation. Through financing the community, banks have benefited from the interests from the debtors making it to flourish in business and country economic development. We should embrace these ideas of bank to benefit from its resources. Reference Ciobotaru, A. (2013). Entrepreneurial education as a society project. An essay on the conceptualization of the spirit of initiative and entrepreneurship in educational field. Review Of Economic Studies & Research Virgil Madgearu,à 6(1), 41-76. Rhoades, S. A. (2010).à Bank mergers and banking structure in the United States, 1980-98. Diane Publishing. Sylla, R., Wright, R. E., & Cowen, D. J. (2009). Alexander Hamilton, central banker: crisis management during the US financial panic of 1792.à Business History Review,à 83(01), 61-86. Source document
Friday, November 8, 2019
Social facilitation theory Essay Example
Social facilitation theory Essay Example Social facilitation theory Paper Social facilitation theory Paper Essay Topic: Sociology Social facilitation describes the process in which performance is affected by the presence of others and is studied due to the importance of performance improvement in workplaces, education etc. Within social facilitation are coaction and audience effects. The term audience effect is used to explain the effect of a passive presence on performance and was first observed by Dashiell (1930). He looked at the effect of observation on college students completing multiplication problems, and discovered that whilst more problems were finished, the students tended to make more errors, when problem-solving before an audience. The experimenter observed his participant even in the alone condition and this might have impaired results. Studies then focused on the audience size and status. Porter (1939) asked people who stuttered to read aloud to an audience, finding that participants presented with a larger audience were much more affected, and stuttered more than those with a smaller audience. Cottrell et al. (1968) used a blindfolded audience as his experimental condition so that participants could not be observed and found that the audience effects practically disappeared. The experimenter observed his participant even in the alone condition and this might have impaired results. Paulus and Murdock (1971) compared the audience effects shown by student research participants either being observed by an audience of psychology students, or by an audience which contained an expert. The expert was likely to be able to evaluate the performance/capability of the student and in this condition, results showed stronger audience effects. The experiment did use an unrepresentative sample. Latanend Harkins (1976) asked participants about their own nervousness as they recited poems before audiences, which varied in size and status. Whilst the participants rated themselves on different experiences, the experimenters found that participants rated themselves more nervous when before a larger or higher status audience. These experiments implied that the ability of the audience to evaluate the participants performance was important, that both the status and size of the aud ience made a great difference to the results. Others studied audience effect variance with task complexity. Cottrell, Rittle and Wack (1967) found that an audience facilitates the memorisation of simple word lists but more complex ones are learnt more slowly. Zajonc, Heingarter and Herman (1969) studied cockroaches and their behaviour when presented with a four-cockroach audience in two situations. In the first, cockroaches ran down a straight runway into a darkened goal area in order to avoid bright light. Here, the audience improved performance. In the second situation, the cockroach escape response was made more complex by requiring a 90O turn to achieve the goal. In this situation, audience impaired cockroaches performance. Hunt and Hillerys (1973) human experiment yielded comparable results in complex and simple mazes, both experiments lacked ecological validity. From his experiment, Zajonc summarised that social facilitation depends on task complexity and familiarity, saying that, An audience impairs the acquisition of new responses and facilitates the emission of well-learned responses. Simple, familiar things are done better when observed, but more complex, unfamiliar tasks are done less well when observed due to an instinctive response to anothers presence and increase in arousal. Cottrell (1972) rejected this, suggesting the evaluation apprehension model instead. He said that early in life we through anothers evaluation we receive social rewards and punishments (approval, disapproval etc. ), so the audience triggers arousal based on evaluation apprehension.
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
A Universal History essays
A Universal History essays There were many philosophers throughout time who sought constantly to identify a Universal History. These philosophers believed in continuity. History to them was a progressive revelation of the way the universe was structured and through this belief, they felt better able to explain mans origin and purpose in life as a whole. Not all philosophers followed or studied Universal Histories as can be seen in the times of Greek antiquity. The philosophers and writers of antiquity never ventured in the writings of Universal Histories, even though the philosophical and historical traditions of the Western world began in Greece. They only acknowledged a cyclical view of History, not one of continuity. Through the politics of the well known philosopher Aristotle, we see that he firmly believed that no regime could ever satisfy man completely, but that man, through being dissatisfied would constantly replace one regime with another, hence his belief that history was a never ending cycle. Plato also spoke in the Republic of regimes having certain natural cycles. The Greek view of that time therefore showed history was not secular but cyclical (Fukuyama 1992, p55 thought. The first Universal Histories we see came from Christianity in the Middle Ages. Christians were the first in presenting the idea that through the eyes of God, man was equal to one another and that people all over the world shared in the same destiny. Christianity introduced the concept of a history that was finite in time, beginning with Gods creation of man and ending with his final salvation (Fukuyama 1992, p56). For Christians there was a definite belief of there being a day of judgement sometime in the future, where all earthly history would cease to exist and the universe would be no more. These beliefs describe a ...
Monday, November 4, 2019
Relation between Rap Music and Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Relation between Rap Music and Violence - Essay Example Rap music is a form of art which reflects the real life situations. The influence of rap music on teenagers is a hotly debated topic in America. Some people believe that rap music can create violent character and attitudes among teenagers while others strongly oppose this argument. Lots of studies have been conducted in America in order to measure the influence of rap music on deviant behaviours of teenagers and young adults. Findings of different studies again failed to reach a consensus in concluding whether rap music inject violence or not. This paper briefly analyses the rap music influences on teenagers. ââ¬Å"After studying 522 black girls between the ages of 14 and 18 from non- urban, lower socioeconomic neighborhoods, researchers found that compared to those who never or rarely watched these videos, the girls who viewed these gangsta videos for at least 14 hours per week were far more likely to practice numerous destructive behaviors. (Kirchheimer) The above research also concluded that the rap music listeners may hit the teachers three times more than an average teenager. Moreover these teenagers may have multiple sex partners and quiet often more volatile to the spreading of sexually transmitted diseases, drug and alcohol addiction.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
News Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
News Log - Essay Example The misconduct occurred in the Metropolitan Police Services, where the information of the Crownââ¬â¢s case was leaked to the News of the world. The investigation by the Metropolitan police revealed that this hacking activity was not restricted to a single reporter, but has a wide network with several people being involved in it, who would be caught soon. Casburn, with an annual salary of à £65000, was working as the Detective Inspector of terrorist activities in the Metropolitan Police Services, defended her act of hacking by saying that she wanted to bring the news in front as her departmental members were not serious about the case (Laville, 2013). Not being a very strong point, her defense was rejected by the jury committee. This conduct of hers has letdown the name of her police department and her colleagues have no soft corner for her. Eleveden and Tuleta, members of the operation panel said that Casburn has misused her position and in no ways deserves anything less than hig h penalty (Laville, 2013). They added that leaking or publicizing confidential information can be justified at some occasions, when the intention is to stop corruption. However, in Casburnââ¬â¢s case the intention was to make money and that cannot be justified in any case (BBC Radio, 2013). Two bomb blasts occurring in the interval of about 10 minutes took the life of more than 92 citizens with over 147 been injured. Early in the morning there was another blast in the marker area of Quetta, Baluchistan which killed 11 people and more than 27 were injured. It was followed by a series of two blasts back to back in the evening, occurring in an interval of just 10 minutes, killing further 87 people and about 120 being injured badly, as reported by the police officers. These blasts took place in the snooker hall at Quetta, where the majority of the gathering were Shia Muslims (BBC , 2013). This was another act of
Thursday, October 31, 2019
Securing the US Border Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Securing the US Border - Term Paper Example A lot of other technological measures were also taken to enhance border security. On September 11, 2001, two towers fell, but a nation of millions rose as one. The aftermath of the terrorist attacks was massive. It defied the whole foundation of US border security. People were left feeling unsafe in their own homes. The terrorist attacks cut a huge swath across the US policy landscape, ranging from major military and foreign policy actions to the biggest reorganization of the federal government since shortly after the end of World War II. Since the hijackers entered the country through legally issued visas, immigration was automatically linked with terrorism and border security. As a result, the structures of the federal immigration bureaucracy and immigration policies at the borders and within the US interior have been dramatically reshaped, along with other border security measures and economic policies. 9/11 was an attack on the democracy and the open economy of the US. US and Canada share a border that stretches across 8,893 kilometers of land and three oceans, and the US and Mexico share a border that is extended for 3141 km(Universalium,2010). It is the general consensus of the American population that the Mexican-US border needs to be more secure as to stop the smuggling of drugs and illegal immigrants but Senator Lieberman, in a report emphasized that the Canadian border should be more secure as there are more extremist Islamist families living in Canada. Border patrolling dates back to as early as 1904, when mounted watchmen patrolled the border to prevent illegal Chinese immigrants. Now, border security is just not limited to patrolling watchmen, but also includes biometric scans, lasers, virtual fence, cameras, motion detectors, and sensors.
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
End-of-life Essay Example for Free
End-of-life Essay End-of-life care is a form of medical treatment which is usually provided for terminal illnesses, when the condition is no longer curable and every effort should be made at improving the quality of life rather than increasing the duration of life. Cancer is one condition which is incurable during the advanced stages. End-of-life usually does not involve provision of anticancer treatment but concern for lowering the physical symptoms (especially pain so that the patient is comfortable), addressing the psychosocial issues and the spiritual concerns, so as to improve the quality of life. Often an ethical dilemma exists at the situations under which end-of-life care should be started. The need to provide end-of-life care arises out the physicianââ¬â¢s obligation to ensure that the patient can live and die with dignity, compassion, comfort and respect. Two of the cases which demonstrate the physicianââ¬â¢s obligations to the patients were the Ann Quinlan case (1976) and the Cruzan V. Harmon case (1988) (Meisel, 2005 Rekel, 2007). In the Quinlan case, Ms. Quinlan suffered irreversible damage to the brain cortex and was left in a permanent vegetative state. She required ventilator support, artificial nutrition and artificial hydration to maintain her medical and nursing care. She could be kept alive for any duration, but this was morally not required and not in the patientââ¬â¢s best interest. The physicianââ¬â¢s refused to remove ventilator support and hence the family had to go to the New Jersey Court. The court in the landmark decision permitted to remove ventilator support as it was not in the patientââ¬â¢s best interest. The court had said that although the patient was in a permanent vegetative state and did not have to ability to make a decision about withdrawing ventilator support, it did not mean that she could not exercise her choice and give her decision. The decision-making could be made by a surrogate who would be doing so in the best interest of the patient. In the Roe vs. Wade case, the court gave the decision that the patient could control their medical treatment and had the right to make decisions. In the Cruzon case, after the ventilator was removed, the patient survived for about 10 years. The Missouri court in this case did not follow the advice of the parentââ¬â¢s on removing life-saving support. The court said that all measures should be done in best interest of the patient, and if there were not clear evidence of the patientââ¬â¢s wishes, then the legal guardian should be acting in the patientââ¬â¢s best interest. The court said that even if there was a need to prolong life through ventilator support, if there was no evidence that the patientââ¬â¢s best interest would be fulfilled. In the case Westchester County Medical Ctr (1988), the New York court said that there had to exist clear and convincing evidence whenever important decisions had to be taken by the surrogate (Meisel, 2005 Rekel, 2007). Some of the common ethical issues regarding medical treatment have been ââ¬Ëbeneficenceââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ënon-maleficenceââ¬â¢. The physician should do treatment that benefits the patient and does not cause more harm. They should help reduce the suffering and help the patient to return to health. However, in the end-of-life issues, the patient would be dying due to the terminal cancer condition, and using life-sustaining treatment would not have any potential benefits, as it would prolong life, but not improve the quality. In this case medical treatment is doing lot harm than benefits, and hence using it would be inappropriate. However, a clear judgment has to be made in the clinical-decision making and one of the most important issues is whether the patient has made the intention of withdrawing all the life-saving treatment and instead goes into palliative care (in which symptomatic treatment would be provided so as to improve the quality of life during the last few days). Having the patient make this decision is based on another ethical principle known as ââ¬Ëautonomyââ¬â¢. The patient has the right to choose or disregard whichever treatment he/she wants as the have the right to control any act that is done with their body (Walker, 1999 Meisel, 2005). Implications of risk management ââ¬â â⬠¢ Mainly with the use of opioids to manage pain (especially from its prolonged use) â⬠¢ Clinical practice guidelines and protocols should be followed to ensure the greatest amount of benefits for the patient in the form of improved quality of life and lowered discomfort levels (Hoffman, 1998). The right to autonomy of the patient should not be disregarded under any circumstance. The patient has the right to choose palliative treatment or reject it based on their own choices. The patient may also want to undergo curative treatment for cancer even though the survival rate may be low. The patient should be informed of the benefits, risks, options, outcome and costs of all forms of treatment available. The physician should answer all the queries the patient has of all the available forms of treatment. No treatment should be done against the will and intention of the patient. If the patient is not able to make a reasonable decision as they may not be legally competent, then the surrogate (including the family member or a legal guardian) of the patient should make a decision on the patientââ¬â¢s behave, keeping in mind the clear interests of the patient (Walker, 1999, Meisel, 2005 Rekel, 2007). There may be a lot of competing loyalties between the patient and the organization:- â⬠¢ The organization may try to keep the interest of the patient in mind and may do all that it can to reduce sufferings, improve the quality of life and ensure a peaceful end â⬠¢ The organization may demonstrate a greater opinion towards anticancer treatment as it would involve higher costs (even though it is not beneficial to the patient anywhere) â⬠¢ Even though the patient can benefit to a reasonable extent from anticancer treatment, the organization may force end-of-life care on the patient, as the family members have provided consent. In this case the family members would be having conflicting interests with the patient and may want a faster end to the patient. To prevent any conflicting interest of other parties, it is important that any decision made regarding use of anticancer treatment of initiation of end-of-life care should be clearly justified and documented through evidence-based findings. An ethical approach should be initiated to ensure that all issues are sorted out keeping the patientââ¬â¢s interest in mind:- â⬠¢ The physician should ensure maintaining autonomy of the patient at all stages â⬠¢ If the patient is not competent enough to make a decision by himself, decision-making should be done by the surrogate keeping in mind the patientââ¬â¢s interest and choices â⬠¢ It is the obligation of the physician to ensure that the patient lives â⬠¢ The patientââ¬â¢s competence needs to be determined so that a reasonable decision can be ensured â⬠¢ The patient has to be informed of all the alternative choices available at all the stages â⬠¢ In case of diagnosis of a terminal illness, confirmation should be taken from two physicianââ¬â¢s (second opinion) â⬠¢ In case of terminal illness, and the patient choice palliative care, efforts should be made at all stages to improve the quality of life (through symptomatic treatment of physical problems, addressing the psychosocial and spiritual issues), rather than on prolonging life The other issues which need to be addressed include:- 1. Active Euthanasia ââ¬â This is legal in only a few states of the world including Netherlands and Belgium. The patient should make a reasonable decision, and should be a native from that state in which euthanasia is legalized. The physician himself would take the active step of ending the patientââ¬â¢s life. The patient should be diagnosed with a terminal illness 2. Physician-Assisted Suicide ââ¬â This has been legalized in the US state of Oregon, PAS has been legalized. The patient would perform the active step of ending life and the physician would merely assist the patient. The patient should be diagnosed with a terminal illness (in which death would be certain within 6 months). The patient should be legally competent to make a reasonable decision (Rekel, 2007). References: Hoffmann, D. E. (1998). Pain Management and Palliative Care in the Era of Managed Care: Issues for Health Insurersâ⬠, Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics, 26(4), 267-289. http://www. aslme. org/research/mayday/26. 4/26. 4c. php Meisel, A. (2005). Ethics, End-of-Life Care, and the Law: Overview, Retrieved on August 16, 2008, from Hospice Foundation Website: http://www. hospicefoundation. org/teleconference/books/lwg2005/meisel_jennings. pdf National Cancer Institute (2002). End-of-Life Care: Questions and Answers, Retrieved on August 16, 2008, from NCI Website: http://www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Support/end-of-life-care Rekel, R. (2007). Rakel: Textbook of Family Medicine, 7th ed, Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. Walker, R. M. (1999). Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care, Cancer Control, 6(2):162-167. http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/417700_1
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Anthropological Perspective on Culture and Society
Anthropological Perspective on Culture and Society The three branches of human sciences (Social sciences), Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology are interlinked in that they try to describe the different areas of human life and their relationships to each other. They offer an explanation on human behavior and in the society they live. Furthermore, these social sciences provide essential skills in analyzing the intentions and behavior of individuals and groups they encounter. Individual identity is forged by ones culture, groups, and by institutional influences. Institutions such as families, schools and even churches greatly influence human beings yet these institutions are merely organizations whose aim is to develop the core social values of its constituents. In discussing cultural diversity on the perspectives of the three social sciences there is a need to understand the difference between culture and society. This is because the all the three disciplines explore culture and society to understand human behavior in depth. The term Culture has many different meanings, for some it is the appreciation of art, literature, music and food, while for others like biologists; they take it as a colony of microorganisms growing in a nutrient medium in a laboratory. However for social scientists, culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. Cultures are traditions and customs, transmitted through learning and adaptations. Children obtain such traditions by growing up in a certain society, through a process called enculturation. A culture results into a degree of uniformity in behavior and thought among the inhabitants of a particular society (Baugher et. al, 2000, p. 4). The terms culture and society are different as cultures are co nsidered to be complexes of learned behavior patterns and perceptions while society is a group of interacting organisms. Therefore this paper will critically analyze cultural diversity based on the three social sciences, evaluating the social sciences similarities and differences. Discussion Anthropological perspective of culture diversity When it comes to understanding diversity in cultures, the anthropological view can help humanity understand and appreciate the complexity of diverse cultures. This discipline involves the study of biological and cultural origins of the humans. The subject matter of anthropology is wide-ranging, including, fossil remains, non human primate anatomy and behavior, artifacts from past cultures, past and present languages, and all the prehistoric and contemporary cultures of the world. The subfield of cultural anthropology is the most commonly studied and useful in analyzing and interpreting the diverse cultures of the world. In recent years, recognition of the need for multicultural awareness, understanding, and skills has grown in our society. The aim is to achieve multicultural diversity competence, which is a term that refers to the ability to demonstrate respect and understanding, to communicate effectively, and to work with different cultural backgrounds (George Fischer, 1999, p. 71). These diversities in culture encompass differences in gender, race, ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, social class and physical appearance. Misunderstandings and conflicts in the society are two major consequences of lack of awareness in the ever increasing cultural diversity. Cultural anthropology explains cultural diversity through aspects of social life such as material culture, social organizations, politics, economics, symbolism, change and development, ethnici ty and modern nation-state formation. In explaining and interpreting the diverse cultures, anthropology uses ethnography- describing particular cultures; and ethnology- comparing two or more cultures. In addition it incorporates the holistic approach in cultural studies by studying biological and cultural aspects of human behavior; encompassing the broadest possible time frame by looking at contemporary, historic and prehistoric societies; examining human culture in every part of the world; and studies many different aspects of human culture (George Fischer, 1999, p.68). Cultural diversity is relevant to a cultural approach in learning, in that learning and motivational styles and cross cultural pedagogical strategies assume attention to diversity in learner populations and pluralistic learning outcomes. The data, concepts and insights derived from the study of other cultures helps us meet our professional goals and lead more satisfying lives in a multicultural society (Herdman Macmillan, 2010, p. 23). Moreover, the process of studying anthropology is also valuable because of the skills and competencies that it helps to develop. Activities such as taking courses about different cultures, participating in local internships and international organizations, living in the universitys international dormitory, and participating in study abroad programs all combine to provide students with valuable skills in understanding diverse cultures hence achieve multicultural diverse competence. There is a need to come up with a strategy to accept cultural diversity, for example, in the United states of America the freedom to pursue ones individual dream and fortunes in the united states has produced a widening gap between the haves and have-nots. According to Herdman and Mcmillian, 2010, managing directors in United States of America made forty times as much compared to the average worker in 1973 and three hundred as much in 2004. At the same time, earnings of middle class were growing slightly and those of lower class were actually shrinking. This situation to a European means that the state is working against well being of the population, particularly in light of tax cuts during this period. Another instance is when expressing feelings of affection which is typical for all human. The manner in which the affection is expressed is cultural, the kiss is not universally accepted as a symbol of affection; some societies consider it suggestive of cannibalism. A basic anthropological strategy for understanding other cultures is to look at a cultural feature from within its original context rather than looking at it from the perspective of ones own culture; being inquisitive, non-judgmental, and open to new ways of thinking is vital in understanding other cultures; Balancing contradictory needs instead of trying to eliminate them; emphasize global team work; develop a cognitive complex which is made up of twin abilities of differentiating and integrating; and developing a personal acuity (Naylor, 1997, p. 157). The strategy will not only help you personally in understanding other cultures but assist you in integrating to any culture globally. Sociological perspective on Cultural Diversity Sociology is critical analysis of the society in which humans live. People who make sense of the social world-past, present and future- are referred to as sociologists (Anderson Taylor, 2005, p. 8). Sociologists research on social structures such as class, family, politics, social problems like drug abuse and crime all of which influence the society. Social interaction amongst humans is the basic sociological concept, because all humans and groups that make up a society socialize. Specialists who focus on particular details of specific interactions as they occur daily are called micro sociologists and those that focus on larger patterns of interactions amongst larger sections of the society such as state and economy are called macro sociologists. A society is rarely culturally uniform hence the result of different cultures. As societies develop and become more complex, different cultural traditions appear. The more complex the society, the more likely the culture will be internally varied and diverse. The causes of cultural changes in a society are cultural diffusion, innovation, and imposition of cultural change by outside world (Anderson Taylor, 2005, p. 72). Two concepts from sociology help in understanding complexity of culture in a given society, dominant culture and subcultures. Dominant culture is the culture of the most powerful group in the society. Although it is not the only culture in society, it is commonly referred to be the culture of a society, despite other cultures present. Subcultures on the other hand are cultures of groups whose values and norms of behavior differ from those of the dominant culture. Members of subcultures tend to interact frequently and share a common world view. Sociology stipulates that culture consists of both material objects and abstract thoughts and behavior. Several elements which sociologists consider in understanding culture diversity are language, norms, beliefs and values (Kaufman, 2004, p. 7). Language: Learning the language of a culture is essential to becoming part of a society. Language shapes culture as it provides the categories through which social reality is understood. This was proved by Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Worf in the 1950s through their theory called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The hypothesis states, it is not that you perceive something first and then think of how to express it, but that language itself determines what you think and perceive (Anderson Taylor, 2005, p. 83). In understanding cultural diversity language is seen to reflect the assumptions of a culture. This is seen and exemplified by: language affecting peoples perception of reality; Language reflecting the social and political status of different groups in society; Groups advocating changing language referring to them as a way of asserting positive group identity; The implications of language emerging from specific historical and cultural contexts; language distorting actual grou p experience; language shaping peoples perceptions of groups and events in society. Norms: They are specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation. Lack of norms in any society results in turmoil however, with established norms people would be able to act, behave and interact in a society properly. In the early years of sociology, William Graham Summer in 1906 identified two types of norms; folkways and mores. Folkways are general standards of behavior adhered to by a group, example wearing pants and not skirts for men. Mores are stricter mores which are seen to control moral and ethical behaviors such as injunctions, legal and religious. Beliefs: They are shared ideas people hold collectively within a given culture, and these beliefs are also the basis of many cultural norms and values, example in USA there is a widespread belief in God. Sociology study belief in a variety of ways, and each theoretical mentation provides different insights into the significance of beliefs for human society. Values: They are abstract standards in a society or group that defines the ideal principles of what is desirable and morally correct, for example in USA equality and freedom are important values which provide a general outline for behavior. Values provide values for behavior, but can also be sources of conflict like the political conflict over abortion. Understanding the four elements of sociology enables proper integration in any society. Integration into the society is achieved by respecting the diverse cultures that are found in a society. Sociology studies culture in a variety of ways, asking numerous questions about the relationship of culture to other social institutions and the role of culture in modern life. The new cultural perspective on culture according to Naylor, 1997, is that it is ephemeral, unpredictable and constantly changing; is a material manifestation of consumer-oriented society; and is best understood by analyzing its artifacts- books, films, television images. Psychological Perspective on Culture Diversity Social psychology a subfield of psychology has its origins in the early years of the twentieth century. Its findings do not necessarily concern human thinking throughout history but rather meet the requirements of our modern society. Social psychology research aims to capture the interplay between social thinking and socio-historical dynamics in order to understand how societies function and how culture is produced (Xenia, 2004, p. 13). Psychology is distinguished from neighboring social sciences through its emphasis on studying samples of organisms within controlled settings rather than focusing upon larger groups, organizations or nations. Psychologists test the specific results of changes in a controlled environment on the individual in that environment, but there are strongly set procedures through which organisms are tested psychometrically. There is a big debate in psychology and more generally in social sciences how to define culture. In some definitions the concept of culture includes behavior, in the sense that our behaviors are expressions of our culture. Other definitions emphasize that participating in a culture means having understanding of our world. However with trying to find a consensual definition of this concept, the main argument of researchers in psychology is to highlight how important it is to take into account the cultural context in which psychological studies were conducted (Kerr Tindale, 2011). They were right to point out that humans are linked to the social context in which they live, proving that psychological functioning and human behavior are universal and culture specific. Sharing a culture means that people have a common way of viewing their relationship with the social and physical environment; of communicating their thoughts and emotions; of prioritizing their activities; of dividing tasks and resources; of attributing values, honors, and power (Xenia, 2004, pp.17-18). When they do not share the above listed elements then culture diversity occurs from a psychological point of view. The people of diverse cultures are not like minded hence the question is, whether individuals from diverse cultures can coexist harmoniously in time space and under the same political and social organizations? The answer to this question provides the idea of how to cope with culture diversity. Various cultures flourish from the recognition that they represent a set of beliefs, modes of thinking and practices that are peculiar to them and different from others. Some cultures are more inclusive example western cultures, others refer to a small group of people for instance the Basque culture, but each one of them is important for its members because they represent the way they construct their social reality, and provides them with action alternatives. Conclusion Culture Diversity has been discussed using the three social science disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology and Psychology. Even though all of them have a similarity of trying to understand culture diversity in humans, they are different in terms of how they approach the study. Anthropology looks at culture diversity at the perspective of humanity, his origin and through aspects of social life such as ethnicity, symbolism, politics, race and so on. Anthropology explains that the origin of culture diversity is through mankind hence the concentration a human perspective. Sociology looks at the society which humans live so as to explain culture diversity. It states that elements such as language, beliefs, norms, and values are what bring about culture diversities. Psychology on the other hand analyses culture diversity with focus entirely on internal factors that influence individuals. Therefore the three social sciences provide an understanding of culture diversity and a basis of respecting other cultures.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)